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Volume 15 (1); March 25, 2025

Review  

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus among patients at university of Gondar hospital northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective study of 25870 cases

Belete D, Gashaw T, Belay S, Ambachew A.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 15(1): 01-10, 2025; pii:S225199392500001-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2025.1 

Abstract

Emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The global spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) constitutes one of the most serious contemporary challenges to the treatment of hospital-acquired infections. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolate from different clinical specimens at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital. A retrospective study used laboratory records of 25870 clinical specimens submitted for bacterial culture microbiology laboratory of University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital for bacterial culture and sensitivity testing from July 2018 and April 2022. Records from specimens positive for Staphylococcus aureus isolates were included for analysis. Standard bacteriological techniques were followed during culture preparation, sample collection, bacterial identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Of the total 25,870 samples culture records, 4653 (18%) were culture positive for bacteria. A total of 1057 S. aureus isolates were collected from clinical specimens such as: wound discharge (342; 32.4%), blood (312; 29.5%), cerebrospinal fluid (16; 1.5%), urine (21; 2%), other body fluids (71; 6.7%) and other discharge (295; 28 %). The prevalence of methicillin resistant S. aureus was 33.8% (233/698) and the overall prevalence of multi-drug resistant S. aureus out of 1057 S. aureus isolates was 36% (380/1057). We recommend further research on molecular studies evaluating the resistance genes and monitoring the epidemiology of multiple drug resistant S. aureus and MRSA.
Keywords: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, Staphylococcus aureus

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Research PaperCOVID-19

Pathomorphological features of the kidneys in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis with COVID-19 infection

Ibadov RA, Alimova HP, Yunusov AA, and Ibragimov SK.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 15(1): 11-17, 2025; pii:S225199392500002-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2025.2 

Abstract

The current study aimed to investigate the pathomorphology of the kidneys in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis infected with COVID-19, focusing on structural changes and their correlation with the severity of the infection. The study included autopsy data from patients infected with COVID-19 who had been undergoing renal replacement therapy for 6 months to 1 year and died at the Zangiota Republican Specialized Center in 2022. The study was conducted using kidney biopsy samples. Morphological analysis included macroscopic examination, histological, and microscopic methods to identify signs of inflammation, fibrosis, and thrombosis. The results showed that kidneys of patients with COVID-19 were enlarged, with a granular surface and subcapsular hemorrhages. Histological examination revealed necrotic nephrosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, significant vascular involvement, and vacuolar degeneration of the tubules. Thrombosis of vessels and ischemic infarctions were frequently observed, correlating with the severity of COVID-19. The formation of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, associated with chronic inflammation, was a notable feature. COVID-19 induces significant pathological changes in the kidneys of patients with CKD on dialysis, aggravating the course of chronic kidney failure. It is concluded that there is a need for early detection and prevention of renal complications in patient with COVID-19.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, COVID-19, Pathomorphology, Glomerulosclerosis, Dialysis.

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Case Report

Amiodarone-induced anaphylaxis in a Chihuahua: a case report

Pehar B, Spahija N, Obhođaš M, and Maksimović A.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 15(1): 18-23, 2025; pii:S225199392500003-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2025.3 

Abstract

Amiodarone, a class III antiarrhythmic drug, is widely used in both human and veterinary medicine to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. While its efficacy in rhythm control is well-established, the drug is associated with significant adverse effects, affecting multiple organ systems. In humans, amiodarone-induced toxicity commonly involves the pulmonary, hepatic, thyroid, and dermatological systems, with pulmonary toxicity being one of the most severe complications. Acute hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, are rare but have been reported, particularly in association with intravenous (IV) formulations containing polysorbate 80. In veterinary medicine, amiodarone is increasingly used to treat life-threatening arrhythmias in dogs, yet its safety profile is less extensively studied. Unlike humans, dogs appear to be more susceptible to immediate hypersensitivity reactions following IV administration, characterized by severe cutaneous signs, hypotension, and cardiovascular collapse. The present case report describes a 9-year-old Chihuahua that developed a rapid hypersensitivity reaction, including erythema, mucosal hyperemia, and facial edema, immediately after receiving IV amiodarone. The reaction resolved spontaneously within 15 minutes without requiring corticosteroid administration. Haematological and biochemical analyses showed a mildly decreased reticulocyte value, elevated neutrophil count, and increased ALT, while all other parameters were within reference ranges. A review of the literature suggests that excipients such as polysorbate 80 and benzyl alcohol may be primary contributors to amiodarone-induced anaphylaxis in dogs. Histamine-mediated responses, severe hypotension, and cardiovascular complications have been documented in both human and veterinary cases, with dogs displaying heightened sensitivity to IV administration. Additionally, while pulmonary and thyroid toxicity are well-recognized chronic effects in human patients, hepatic and gastrointestinal toxicities are more frequently observed in dogs. This case underscores the need for heightened awareness of amiodarone-induced hypersensitivity reactions in veterinary medicine, particularly in IV formulations. Pre-medication strategies, controlled infusion rates, and close monitoring are essential to mitigating the risk of life-threatening anaphylaxis in human and canine patients. Further research is needed to better understand species-specific differences in amiodarone metabolism and toxicity.

Keywords: Amiodarone, anaphylaxis triggers, Chihuahua dog, hypersensitivity

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Research PaperCOVID-19

Comparative study of pathomorphological changes in uterus and placenta during pregnancy with positive Omicron and Delta SARS‐CoV‐2 variants

Tyan TV, and Mardonov JN.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 15(1): 24-33, 2025; pii:S225199392500004-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2025.4

Abstract

In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted to examine the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy; however, the pathomorphological changes in the uterus and placenta during this infection remain under-researched. This study aimed to evaluate pathomorphological changes in the uterus and placenta of pregnant women with positive COVID-19 results compared to a non-infected control group. A prospective analytical study including 48 pregnant women tested positive for COVID-19 (24 cases with Delta and 24 Omicron variants) and 42 pregnant women in the control group was conducted. Placental and uterine samples were analyzed using standard histological methods. Results indicated that pregnant women with COVID-19 showed a significant increase in the frequency of retroplacental hematomas, villous hypoplasia, vascular ectasia, and other histopathological changes in the uterus and placenta, especially in women tested positive for Delta variant. This study underscores that Delta SARS‐CoV‐2 variant is associated with marked pathological changes in the placenta and uterus, highlighting the need for careful clinical management in such pregnancies.

Keywords: COVID-19, Delta (B.1.617.2) variant, Omicron (B.1.1.529), pathomorphology, placenta, pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2, uterus.

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